Gingival flap surgery is the type often used to treat gum disease. Refer to this section for more information.
If you're scheduled to undergo gingival flap surgery, here's

Before the surgery:
Before any gum surgery, you will receive a local anesthetic to numb the area. Also, your periodontist (or dental hygienist) will clean your teeth.
You should expect your periodontist to ask about any medications and chronic health conditions that may impact the surgery.

During the surgery:
The surgeon folds the gums back to form a flap in order to access the tissue below the gums. The infected tissue below and between the teeth is removed, and the surgeon then follows with tooth scaling and root planing to remove plaque and bacteria below the gum line.
The scaling and planing will also smooth rough spots on the tooth roots that could promote recurrence of the gum disease.

After the surgery:
The surgeon will put the gums back in place using stitches. The stitches may be dissolvable, or you may have to have them removed when you return for a surgery follow-up visit in seven to 10 days.
The surgeon may also place a special surgical dressing called a periodontal pack, over the affected area.